Willian B. Bonvillian and Peter L. Singer
- Published in print:
- 2018
- Published Online:
- September 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262037037
- eISBN:
- 9780262343398
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262037037.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
The United States lost almost one-third of its manufacturing jobs between 2000 and 2010. As higher-paying manufacturing jobs are replaced by lower-paying service jobs, income inequality has been ...
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The United States lost almost one-third of its manufacturing jobs between 2000 and 2010. As higher-paying manufacturing jobs are replaced by lower-paying service jobs, income inequality has been approaching third world levels. In particular, between 1990 and 2013, the median income of men without high school diplomas fell by an astonishing 20 percent, and that of men with high school diplomas fell by a painful 13 percent. Innovation has been left largely to software and IT startups, and increasingly U.S. firms operate on a system of “innovate here/produce there,” leaving the manufacturing sector behind. This book explores how to rethink innovation and revitalize America's declining manufacturing sector. It argues that advanced manufacturing, which employs such innovative technologies as 3-D printing, advanced material, photonics, and robotics in the production process, is the key. The book discusses transformative new production paradigms that could drive up efficiency and drive down costs. It describes the new processes and business models that must accompany them, and explores alternative funding methods for startups that must manufacture. The book examines the varied attitudes of mainstream economics toward manufacturing, the post-Great Recession policy focus on advanced manufacturing, and lessons from the new advanced manufacturing institutes. Finally, it considers the problem of “startup scale-up,” possible new models for training workers, and the role of manufacturing in addressing “secular stagnation” in innovation, growth, the middle classes, productivity rates, and related investment.Less
The United States lost almost one-third of its manufacturing jobs between 2000 and 2010. As higher-paying manufacturing jobs are replaced by lower-paying service jobs, income inequality has been approaching third world levels. In particular, between 1990 and 2013, the median income of men without high school diplomas fell by an astonishing 20 percent, and that of men with high school diplomas fell by a painful 13 percent. Innovation has been left largely to software and IT startups, and increasingly U.S. firms operate on a system of “innovate here/produce there,” leaving the manufacturing sector behind. This book explores how to rethink innovation and revitalize America's declining manufacturing sector. It argues that advanced manufacturing, which employs such innovative technologies as 3-D printing, advanced material, photonics, and robotics in the production process, is the key. The book discusses transformative new production paradigms that could drive up efficiency and drive down costs. It describes the new processes and business models that must accompany them, and explores alternative funding methods for startups that must manufacture. The book examines the varied attitudes of mainstream economics toward manufacturing, the post-Great Recession policy focus on advanced manufacturing, and lessons from the new advanced manufacturing institutes. Finally, it considers the problem of “startup scale-up,” possible new models for training workers, and the role of manufacturing in addressing “secular stagnation” in innovation, growth, the middle classes, productivity rates, and related investment.
Robert Gottlieb and Simon Ng
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- January 2018
- ISBN:
- 9780262035910
- eISBN:
- 9780262338868
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262035910.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
During the past four decades Los Angeles and Hong Kong have come to play a critical role in the flow of goods, people, and capital; in the changes in production and consumption; and in the urban ...
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During the past four decades Los Angeles and Hong Kong have come to play a critical role in the flow of goods, people, and capital; in the changes in production and consumption; and in the urban environmental issues that have taken root as a result of the changes they have experienced. The book evaluates the issues associated with those changes, including how LA and Hong Kong have become connected to China and its key urban regions such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta. Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and several of China’s mega-cities have become global in their activities and reach through their financial, political and economic roles as well as the cultural, environmental, and demographic shifts that have taken place. The book documents the history and protracted nature of six urban environmental issues in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China. These include ports and freight traffic (or goods movement), air quality, water supply and water quality, the food environment, transportation, and open and public space. It identifies contrasting development patterns, important similarities, and comparative trends and strategies. The book further analyzes how urban environmental issues have risen to the top of the policy agendas in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China, where and how changes are being explored and where change is possible, and where and how such changes have been blocked or undermined.Less
During the past four decades Los Angeles and Hong Kong have come to play a critical role in the flow of goods, people, and capital; in the changes in production and consumption; and in the urban environmental issues that have taken root as a result of the changes they have experienced. The book evaluates the issues associated with those changes, including how LA and Hong Kong have become connected to China and its key urban regions such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta. Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and several of China’s mega-cities have become global in their activities and reach through their financial, political and economic roles as well as the cultural, environmental, and demographic shifts that have taken place. The book documents the history and protracted nature of six urban environmental issues in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China. These include ports and freight traffic (or goods movement), air quality, water supply and water quality, the food environment, transportation, and open and public space. It identifies contrasting development patterns, important similarities, and comparative trends and strategies. The book further analyzes how urban environmental issues have risen to the top of the policy agendas in Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China, where and how changes are being explored and where change is possible, and where and how such changes have been blocked or undermined.
Oran R. Young
- Published in print:
- 2017
- Published Online:
- September 2017
- ISBN:
- 9780262035934
- eISBN:
- 9780262338899
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262035934.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
Governing for sustainability in a world of complex systems will require new social capital in the form of innovative steering mechanisms that differ in important respects from those familiar to us ...
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Governing for sustainability in a world of complex systems will require new social capital in the form of innovative steering mechanisms that differ in important respects from those familiar to us from past experience. Complex systems feature high levels of connectivity, nonlinear dynamics, directional change, and emergent properties. Creating effective governance arrangements in such settings calls for an ability to combine the durability required to guide behavior with the agility needed to adjust or reform institutional arrangements to cope with rapidly changing circumstances. Success in such endeavors will depend on a capacity to supplement mainstream regulatory approaches to governance with new governance strategies. Promising examples include governance through goal-setting and principled governance. But additional innovations in this realm will be necessary to address needs for governance arising in the Anthropocene. The way forward in this effort will be to build cooperative relations between analysts and practitioners rather than treating them as separate communities that respond to different incentives and operate in different worlds.Less
Governing for sustainability in a world of complex systems will require new social capital in the form of innovative steering mechanisms that differ in important respects from those familiar to us from past experience. Complex systems feature high levels of connectivity, nonlinear dynamics, directional change, and emergent properties. Creating effective governance arrangements in such settings calls for an ability to combine the durability required to guide behavior with the agility needed to adjust or reform institutional arrangements to cope with rapidly changing circumstances. Success in such endeavors will depend on a capacity to supplement mainstream regulatory approaches to governance with new governance strategies. Promising examples include governance through goal-setting and principled governance. But additional innovations in this realm will be necessary to address needs for governance arising in the Anthropocene. The way forward in this effort will be to build cooperative relations between analysts and practitioners rather than treating them as separate communities that respond to different incentives and operate in different worlds.
Bruno Perreau
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- January 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262027229
- eISBN:
- 9780262323383
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027229.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
The Politics of Adoption argues that adoption is not a mere family question. It conveys a model of citizenship. Policies, jurisprudence, and social work define an ideal image of parenthood in the ...
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The Politics of Adoption argues that adoption is not a mere family question. It conveys a model of citizenship. Policies, jurisprudence, and social work define an ideal image of parenthood in the hope to better control the making of future citizens. In a context of laws and debates on bioethics, this model is more and more infused with representations of the fertile body. Adoptive parents are thus expected to behave as if they were biological parents. The Politics of Adoption maintains that gay marriage and adoption were controversial in Francebecausethey questioned the epistemological system that articulates citizenship and procreation, a system widely shared across the political spectrum. The Politics of Adoption also shows that adoption works as a metaphor for national belonging and frames debates and policy-making on immigration. Last, The Politics of Adoption evidences a new type of governance, based on rhetoric of risk, and highly monitored models of social behaviors, to which citizens are expected to voluntarily identify. The Politics of Adoptionincludes a study of parliamentary debates since 1945, as well as French and European case law. It follows the emergence of the concept of “parenting” in the mass media. It also throws light on social work by developing a discursive analysis of the various types of justification deployed by agents of the Child Social Welfare Agency when accrediting a parent for adoption.Less
The Politics of Adoption argues that adoption is not a mere family question. It conveys a model of citizenship. Policies, jurisprudence, and social work define an ideal image of parenthood in the hope to better control the making of future citizens. In a context of laws and debates on bioethics, this model is more and more infused with representations of the fertile body. Adoptive parents are thus expected to behave as if they were biological parents. The Politics of Adoption maintains that gay marriage and adoption were controversial in Francebecausethey questioned the epistemological system that articulates citizenship and procreation, a system widely shared across the political spectrum. The Politics of Adoption also shows that adoption works as a metaphor for national belonging and frames debates and policy-making on immigration. Last, The Politics of Adoption evidences a new type of governance, based on rhetoric of risk, and highly monitored models of social behaviors, to which citizens are expected to voluntarily identify. The Politics of Adoptionincludes a study of parliamentary debates since 1945, as well as French and European case law. It follows the emergence of the concept of “parenting” in the mass media. It also throws light on social work by developing a discursive analysis of the various types of justification deployed by agents of the Child Social Welfare Agency when accrediting a parent for adoption.
Alon Peled
- Published in print:
- 2014
- Published Online:
- May 2015
- ISBN:
- 9780262027878
- eISBN:
- 9780262319867
- Item type:
- book
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
- DOI:
- 10.7551/mitpress/9780262027878.001.0001
- Subject:
- Political Science, Public Policy
Information sharing failures in the public sector present a critical challenge to the modern information state that costs lives and billions of dollars annually. The book presents a thorough ...
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Information sharing failures in the public sector present a critical challenge to the modern information state that costs lives and billions of dollars annually. The book presents a thorough investigation of current information sharing approaches and their weaknesses. The book analyses the popular US open data program, including a rigorous, empirical study of the program that reveals its poor performance. Peled examines current data exchange practices in the public sector and concludes that information is a valuable asset that public sector agencies are not often willing to release without compensation. Peled proposes to consider public data as a contested commodity and exchange it using restricted commoditization arrangements in a Public Sector Information Exchange (PSIE). The book includes a detailed review of two PSIE models including addressing legal, economic, and technical challenges. Peled engages with key ethical and political debate regarding the interaction of PSIE and democratic values, privacy, data ownership and intellectual property, and freedom of information. The book concludes with insights for politicians, public sector officials, technologists and citizens.Less
Information sharing failures in the public sector present a critical challenge to the modern information state that costs lives and billions of dollars annually. The book presents a thorough investigation of current information sharing approaches and their weaknesses. The book analyses the popular US open data program, including a rigorous, empirical study of the program that reveals its poor performance. Peled examines current data exchange practices in the public sector and concludes that information is a valuable asset that public sector agencies are not often willing to release without compensation. Peled proposes to consider public data as a contested commodity and exchange it using restricted commoditization arrangements in a Public Sector Information Exchange (PSIE). The book includes a detailed review of two PSIE models including addressing legal, economic, and technical challenges. Peled engages with key ethical and political debate regarding the interaction of PSIE and democratic values, privacy, data ownership and intellectual property, and freedom of information. The book concludes with insights for politicians, public sector officials, technologists and citizens.
