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Science in Environmental PolicyThe Politics of Objective Advice$
Science in Environmental Policy: The Politics of Objective Advice

Ann Campbell Keller

Print publication date: 2009

Print ISBN-13: 9780262013123

Published to MIT Press Scholarship Online: August 2013

DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/9780262013123.001.0001

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(p.275) Index

(p.275) Index

Source:
Science in Environmental Policy
Publisher:
The MIT Press
Academic science, 149–154, 159
Acid Rain Program, 141, 162–164, 171, 172, 177, 179
Albritton, Daniel, 113, 117, 119
Arrhenius, Svante, 23, 60, 61, 112
Assessment/management framework, 144–159, 165, 166
Baumgartner, Frank R., 7, 40, 46–49, 74, 75, 81, 87–96, 106, 174, 175
Bush administration (1989–1992), 70, 101
Bush administration (2001–2008), 21, 136
Byrd, Robert C., 101, 135
Carter administration, 53, 56, 101
Causal story, 34, 35, 55
for acid rain, 53–55
for climate change, 64, 108
Central Intelligence Agency, 71, 73
Chafee, John H., 85, 109, 112
Chapin, Steven, 19
Christy, John R., 85
Classification
scientists and, 16–21, 119
policy makers and, 16–18, 21
Clean Air Act, 92, 102, 109
1970 Amendments, 93, 101
1977 Amendments, 101
1990 Amendments, 101, 135, 141
Clinton administration, 21, 136
Cobb, Roger W., 7, 45–49, 60, 87–89
Cohen, Richard, 92, 93, 96, 101
Congressional committees, 74, 89, 91, 174
Congressional hearings, 8, 14, 50, 85, 86, 89–96, 172–176, 179, 181
acid rain, 56, 73, 88–91, 95, 98–102, 110–138
climate change, 62, 63, 67–70, 73, 102–138
legislative, 89–91, 94
non-legislative, 90, 94, 106
oversight, 89, 90
scientists in, 96–98, 112–138
Control, story of, 34, 54, 64, 74, 78
Co-production, 42, 43, 49, 50, 178, 179
Cowling, Ellis B., 50–54, 58
Credibility
in congressional settings, 96, 112, 131, 138, 182
in implementation settings, 148–156, 161, 166, 167, 178
policy entrepreneurs and, 35, 96, 138, 182
scientists and, 11–13, 19, 20, 25, 42, 78, 113, 114, 129, 131, 137, 148, 150, 170, 171, 178
Decision making
democratic, 22, 27, 33, 37, 173, 177, 183, 184
incremental, 32
rationalist, 2, 31–37, 40, 42, 183, 184
synoptic, 2, 31, 32
(p.276) Decline, story of, 34, 53, 59, 65, 72, 76, 86
DeGregorio, Christine, 87–90, 93, 96
Department of Agriculture, 56, 58, 147
Diermeier, Daniel, 93, 96
Dingell, John D., 101, 135
Distributive politics, 38, 73, 74, 110, 141, 160, 180
Downsian mobilization, 46, 74, 174
Edwards, Paul A., 2–4, 9, 10, 66
Elder, Charles D., 7, 45–49, 60, 87–89
Enlightenment, 39–41, 145
Environmental Health Perspectives, 152
Environmental Protection Agency, 36, 38, 98, 109, 146, 150, 158
Office of Research and Development, 150–154, 158–162, 166, 167
Science Advisory Board, 150, 152
Epstein, Steven, 20
Evelyn, John, 50
Expertise, 2, 4, 10, 12, 16–20, 25, 29, 42, 43, 66, 78, 118, 139, 140, 145, 163, 164, 179
in congressional settings, 4, 10, 41, 86, 90, 91, 94, 122, 124, 139, 176, 177
in executive branch, 139, 140, 144
Ezrahi, Yaron, 2, 39–41
Feddersen, Timothy, 93, 96
Federal Advisory Committee Act, 143
Food and Drug Administration, 36, 38, 146, 147
Formalization, 10–14, 138, 140, 143, 144, 161, 166, 181
Formal structure, 141–143, 157, 166
Framing of issues, 8, 46, 87, 90, 93, 106
Freedom of Information Act, 143
General circulation models, 66, 77
Gieryn, Thomas, 2, 27, 37, 38, 42, 46, 80, 81, 112, 142, 146–148, 157, 170, 174, 175
Global Change Research Program, 21, 70, 78, 79, 82, 103, 119, 120, 135, 141, 142, 155–157, 160, 161, 165
Gore, Albert, Jr., 108, 109, 116, 132, 133
Guston, David, 2, 3, 9, 38–41, 63, 147
Hansen, James, 70, 105, 106, 119, 120, 132, 133, 166
Hilgartner, Stephen, 3, 19
House Committee on Energy and Commerce, 98
House Committee on Merchant Marine Fisheries, 70
House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, 98
Huitt, Ralph K., 10, 27, 87, 90–93
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 42, 78, 79, 108, 109, 113, 114, 120, 121, 135, 136, 157, 161, 165
International Geophysical Year, 21, 61, 62, 110
Jasanoff, Sheila, 2–5, 9, 16, 27, 36–43, 49, 147, 148, 154, 173, 177, 178, 181–183
Jones, Bryan D, 7, 40, 46–49, 74, 75, 81, 87–90, 93–96, 106, 174, 175
Journals, 23, 50, 114, 119, 151, 152, 158, 159
Journalism, 130, 133
Keeling, Charles, 61
Kingdon, John, 6, 7, 10, 23, 48, 89, 91, 132, 169, 180
Knowledge brokers, 17, 91
Krehbiel, Keith, 92, 93, 96
Kyoto Protocol, 82, 109
Kyoto Treaty, 21, 82, 108, 136
(p.277) Lasswell, Harold, 6
Latour, Bruno, 49, 178
Lieberman, Joseph, 109, 136
Likens, Gene E., 52, 58, 113
Lindblom, Charles, 2, 31–35
Lindzen, Richard, 106, 114
Litfin, Karen, 3, 4, 17, 48, 49, 83, 91
Lowi, Theodore, 38, 73, 74, 110, 141
Mahlman, Jerry D., 116, 119
McCain, John, 109, 114, 136
Media
and acid rain, 50, 54, 58, 73, 100
and agenda setting and, 47, 130–133
and climate change, 21, 67–73, 109, 132, 133, 136
Miller, Clark N., 2–4, 9, 10, 42, 66, 71, 72, 178
Molina, Mario, 23
Montreal Protocol, 3, 4, 78, 117
Muskie, Edmund, 92, 93
National Academy of Sciences, 19, 53, 54, 62, 103, 113, 116, 157
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, 53–60, 76, 77, 81, 89, 113, 116–120, 134, 135, 141, 142, 155, 156, 160–167
National Climate Program Act of 1976, 110
National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, 149–154, 158–160, 166
National Institutes of Health, 38, 41, 141, 146, 158
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency, 117
National Research Council, 19, 20, 54, 58, 62, 65, 66, 72, 73, 145–147
Neutral competence, 29
Neutrality, scientific, 15, 25, 43, 81, 85, 86, 97, 130, 132, 168, 169, 176
New York Times, 69
Nixon administration, 101
Objectivity, 16, 20
boundary work and, 13, 46, 84, 137
and policy making, 21, 28, 39, 75, 112, 132, 137–139, 144, 145, 149, 150, 167, 169, 176
scientific, 39, 43, 46, 75, 88, 112, 139, 144, 145, 169
scientists and, 13, 20, 113, 115, 128, 150
Oden, Svante, 1, 7, 51–53, 56, 58, 76
Organization theory, 142, 143
Peer review, 113, 114, 119, 121, 137, 151, 152, 156–159, 182, 183
Plass, Gilbert, 60
Policy agendas
formal, 45–48, 56, 58, 60, 69, 70, 81, 83, 87, 88, 102, 110, 130
systemic, 47–50, 56, 70, 87–90
Policy narratives, 34–36, 48, 49, 53, 59, 75, 81–83, 86, 142, 157, 161–166, 174
Policy venues, 3, 4, 46, 56, 60, 72, 74, 82, 83, 106
Politicization of science, 12, 27, 120
Porter, Theodore, 19, 20
Price, Don, 16, 17, 147, 148
Progressive Era, 29
Public face of science, 15, 172, 173
Reagan administration, 82, 101, 120, 134
Regulatory politics, 38, 73, 74, 110, 141, 160, 180
Regulatory science, 149, 153, 154, 159
Relativism, 33
Revelle, Roger, 33, 61–66, 69
Risk analysis, 12, 144–147, 150, 159, 160
Role expectations, 11–13, 87, 130
Rowland, F. Sherwood, 23
Rule making, 8, 36, 143, 137
(p.278) Science advisory groups, 36, 37, 41, 148, 177
Science and Technology Studies, 3, 43
Science narratives, 11, 26, 49, 50, 76, 78, 83, 91, 176
for climate change, 24, 26, 46, 50, 64–67, 70–83, 110, 129, 133–135, 141, 165
Science/policy boundary, 2, 11–14, 25, 30, 37, 38, 44, 46, 73, 75, 80, 86, 117–119, 129–133, 137–144, 147, 148, 154–157, 166, 169, 173, 176, 180, 181
Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, 98, 103, 106
Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, 69, 98, 106, 134
Smith, Robert Angus, 23, 50, 51
Social contract for science, 41, 63
Stone, Deborah, 7, 33–38, 43, 47–49, 53, 78, 174
Talbert, Jeffrey C., 87–90, 93–96, 106
Technocracy, 12, 27–30, 36, 145
Trans-science, 31, 33
Views of science,
rationalist, 28–37, 40–44, 142, 184
relativist, 39
positivist, 29–33
Weinberg, Alvin, 3, 9, 31, 33, 149, 153