The Apple and the Tree: Galton Revisited
The Apple and the Tree: Galton Revisited
This book examines the roles of heredity, family, and social environment in shaping outcomes among humans, including anthropometric, behavioral, psychological, and economic outcomes. Drawing on extensive empirical literature, it shows that the outcomes of children are correlated with their parents’ outcomes to a certain extent, in virtually all aspects of life. It investigates the complex interplay among heredity, family, and environments using an axiomatic framework that draws on game theory, control theory, and econometrics. Several disciplines are involved in this study, from psychology and behavioral genetics to sociology, economics, and genetics. The book also recalls the scientific writings of Francis Galton (1822–1911), who laid the foundations for research on heredity and family and invented the dichotomy between “nature and nurture,” and concludes with a methodological critique of genome-wide association studies.
Keywords: heredity, family, social environment, children, parents, psychology, behavioral genetics, Francis Galton, nature and nurture, genome-wide association studies
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