Conclusion: An Emerging Ecostate?
Conclusion: An Emerging Ecostate?
This book has conducted comparative studies to determine how the state influences, and is influenced by, accelerating processes of environmental degradation. A clear message from these studies is that the state has been, and continues to be, an influential actor in, and arena for, environmental governance. In order to place these findings about the role of the state in environmental governance within a larger conceptual framework, this concluding chapter considers the notion of an emerging environmental state, or ecostate. This ecostate can be classified into a threefold typology consisting of strong ecostates, partial ecostates, and weak ecostates. The chapter discusses some key differences between the welfare state and the ecostate in terms of local natural resource management as well as policymaking and citizenship. Finally, it explains how these dissimilarities point to new research issues in comparative environmental politics and policy.
Keywords: state influence, environmental degradation, environmental governance, environmental state, ecostate, welfare state, natural resource management, policymaking, citizenship, environmental politics
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