The Three Worlds of Environmental Politics
The Three Worlds of Environmental Politics
This chapter examines the three worlds of environmental politics in highly industrialized democratic countries. Drawing on the theoretical literature on green politics that distinguish between a productionist and a green paradigm of social development, it considers which states are green states and which are not, and which environmental outcomes are successful and less successful. The chapter first discusses the environmental performance of twenty-one OECD countries and assesses the degree to which they have structural features that are consistent with green ideology. It then combines the productionist paradigm that has been inherited by industrialized countries with the more green-oriented structural features adopted by others. Finally, it outlines the three worlds of environmentalism among the most highly industrialized states: countries with high environmental performance, countries with less successful environmental performance, and countries with a high environmental performance but a productionist policy regime.
Keywords: environmental politics, green politics, environmental performance, OECD countries, industrialized countries, environmentalism, productionist policy
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