Metal Homeostasis during Development, Maturation, and Aging
Metal Homeostasis during Development, Maturation, and Aging
Impact on Infectious Diseases
This chapter provides a summary of the functions of essential metallic elements in human metabolism and during infectious diseases as well as their homeostasis during development, maturation, and aging. A list of food sources as well as information on the effects of deficiency and excess is provided for each metallic element. As concentrations of metallic contaminants in the environment rise, brief characterizations of nonessential but biologically relevant metallic environmental contaminants have been added. Cases of under-, mal- and overnutrition are increasing worldwide. In combination with decreased nutritional food values, this creates a growing threat for human health, affecting societal and health systems. Potential ways of approaching this problem are suggested and discussed.
Keywords: metal ion homeostasis, human development, aging, infectious disease, metal deficiency, metal overload, human health nutritional food values
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