This chapter reveals that residents of Vieques, Puerto Rico, continue to make efforts to ensure environmental justice and to deal with unequal exposure to environmental risk from the activities of the United States Navy. The residents include opposition against unequal exposure to environmental risk and better access to environmental benefits in the movement for environmental justice. These two components of the movement demonstrate how residents protest against unequal environmental risk and marginal representation of the main environmental concerns. The example of Vieques also demonstrates the people’s wish to have a greater share in the development of the surrounding environment. The main aim of the residents of Vieques in initiating the environmental justice movement is to have more freedom in controlling and managing the surrounding environment without any interference from the United States or the U.S. Navy.