Key Players and Conflicting Goals in the Development Trajectory
Key Players and Conflicting Goals in the Development Trajectory
Chapter one opens with a contemporary dilemma in Ecuador: with the help of the “international community” will the nation complete the Yasuní-ITT Initiative, which would keep its “oil in the soil” to protect its biodiversity, indigenous tribes, and limit greenhouse gasses, or will it drill for petroleum and use the proceeds to further the social and economic development of its people? Through this example, the rest of the chapter develops the central concern of the book: how can states and civil society work within the constraints of the global economic structure to develop sustainably? Three possible futures for development are laid out: sustainable development, extractive development, and alternatives to development. The theoretical underpinning of the book, the treadmill of production theory, is explained with regard to the key players in the narrative: the state, nongovernmental organizations, social movement activists, and transnational organizations. The chapter concludes with an overview of the argument and the book.
Keywords: Ecuador, Biodiversity, Indigenous tribes, Yasuní-ITT Initiative, Petroleum, Treadmill of production, Civil society, Sustainable development, Extractive development, Alternatives to development
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