- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
-
I Connectedness, Contagion, and Correlation: Definitions and a Review of the Economic Literature -
1 The Concept of Connectedness -
2 The Concept and History of Contagion -
3 The Concept of Correlation -
II Connectedness in the Crisis -
4 Asset Connectedness: Lehman and AIG -
5 Liability Connectedness: Money Market Funds and Tri-Party Repo Market -
6 Dodd–Frank Act Policies to Address Connectedness -
III Contagion -
7 Contagion in the 2008 Crisis: The Run on the Nonbank Sector, “Shadow Banks” -
8 History of Lender of Last Resort in the United States -
9 Dodd–Frank Restrictions on the Lender-of-Last-Resort Power -
10 Comparison of LLR Powers of Fed with Bank of England, European Central Bank, and Bank of Japan -
11 Strengthening the LLR Powers of the Fed -
12 Liability Insurance and Guarantees -
13 Insuring Money Market Funds -
IV Ex ante Policies to Avoid Contagion: Capital, Liquidity, Resolution, Money Market Mutual Fund Reform, and Limits on Short-Term Funding -
14 Capital Requirements: Basel III Framework -
15 Liquidity Requirements -
16 Bank Resolution Procedures, Contingent Capital (CoCos), and Bail-Ins -
17 Dodd–Frank Orderly Liquidation for Nonbank SIFIs (Including Bank Holding Companies) -
18 Living Wills -
19 Money Market Mutual Fund Reform -
20 Dependence of the Financial System on Short-Term Funding -
21 Government Crowding Out of Private Issuance of Short-Term Debt -
V Public Capital Injections into Insolvent Financial Institutions -
22 Capital Purchase Program and Other TARP Support Programs -
23 Criticisms of Bailouts Generally -
24 Specific Criticisms of TARP -
25 Standing Bailout Programs -
26 Conclusion - Appendix
- Index
The Concept of Correlation
The Concept of Correlation
- Chapter:
- (p.15) 3 The Concept of Correlation
- Source:
- Connectedness and Contagion
- Author(s):
Hal S. Scott
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
This chapter discusses the third of the three components of systemic risk: correlation. Correlation describes the failure of multiple institutions resulting from the collapse of asset prices due to an exogenous event (e.g. the fall of housing prices in the period prior to the 2008–2009 financial crisis). Correlation can also refer to the herding instinct of asset managers that can result in market crashes and instability, or in irrational asset bubbles. Recently, the risk of the asset management industry's herding behavior has come to the forefront of discussions about correlation risk, as it may result in market crashes and instability, particularly during periods of distress. Herding behavior involves the tendency of asset managers to move out of a particular security or asset class in a correlated manner. If most large asset managers sell at the same time, the market for that security or asset class may collapse, putting stress on all holders of such assets. As a result of this herding concern, regulators have considered the idea of designating large asset managers as systemically important financial institutions (SIFIs). However, SIFI regulation would likely be unsuccessful in preventing adverse herding behavior.
Keywords: correlation, financial institutions, herding behavior, asset managers, systemic risk, asset prices
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- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
-
I Connectedness, Contagion, and Correlation: Definitions and a Review of the Economic Literature -
1 The Concept of Connectedness -
2 The Concept and History of Contagion -
3 The Concept of Correlation -
II Connectedness in the Crisis -
4 Asset Connectedness: Lehman and AIG -
5 Liability Connectedness: Money Market Funds and Tri-Party Repo Market -
6 Dodd–Frank Act Policies to Address Connectedness -
III Contagion -
7 Contagion in the 2008 Crisis: The Run on the Nonbank Sector, “Shadow Banks” -
8 History of Lender of Last Resort in the United States -
9 Dodd–Frank Restrictions on the Lender-of-Last-Resort Power -
10 Comparison of LLR Powers of Fed with Bank of England, European Central Bank, and Bank of Japan -
11 Strengthening the LLR Powers of the Fed -
12 Liability Insurance and Guarantees -
13 Insuring Money Market Funds -
IV Ex ante Policies to Avoid Contagion: Capital, Liquidity, Resolution, Money Market Mutual Fund Reform, and Limits on Short-Term Funding -
14 Capital Requirements: Basel III Framework -
15 Liquidity Requirements -
16 Bank Resolution Procedures, Contingent Capital (CoCos), and Bail-Ins -
17 Dodd–Frank Orderly Liquidation for Nonbank SIFIs (Including Bank Holding Companies) -
18 Living Wills -
19 Money Market Mutual Fund Reform -
20 Dependence of the Financial System on Short-Term Funding -
21 Government Crowding Out of Private Issuance of Short-Term Debt -
V Public Capital Injections into Insolvent Financial Institutions -
22 Capital Purchase Program and Other TARP Support Programs -
23 Criticisms of Bailouts Generally -
24 Specific Criticisms of TARP -
25 Standing Bailout Programs -
26 Conclusion - Appendix
- Index
