- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
-
I Connectedness, Contagion, and Correlation: Definitions and a Review of the Economic Literature -
1 The Concept of Connectedness -
2 The Concept and History of Contagion -
3 The Concept of Correlation -
II Connectedness in the Crisis -
4 Asset Connectedness: Lehman and AIG -
5 Liability Connectedness: Money Market Funds and Tri-Party Repo Market -
6 Dodd–Frank Act Policies to Address Connectedness -
III Contagion -
7 Contagion in the 2008 Crisis: The Run on the Nonbank Sector, “Shadow Banks” -
8 History of Lender of Last Resort in the United States -
9 Dodd–Frank Restrictions on the Lender-of-Last-Resort Power -
10 Comparison of LLR Powers of Fed with Bank of England, European Central Bank, and Bank of Japan -
11 Strengthening the LLR Powers of the Fed -
12 Liability Insurance and Guarantees -
13 Insuring Money Market Funds -
IV Ex ante Policies to Avoid Contagion: Capital, Liquidity, Resolution, Money Market Mutual Fund Reform, and Limits on Short-Term Funding -
14 Capital Requirements: Basel III Framework -
15 Liquidity Requirements -
16 Bank Resolution Procedures, Contingent Capital (CoCos), and Bail-Ins -
17 Dodd–Frank Orderly Liquidation for Nonbank SIFIs (Including Bank Holding Companies) -
18 Living Wills -
19 Money Market Mutual Fund Reform -
20 Dependence of the Financial System on Short-Term Funding -
21 Government Crowding Out of Private Issuance of Short-Term Debt -
V Public Capital Injections into Insolvent Financial Institutions -
22 Capital Purchase Program and Other TARP Support Programs -
23 Criticisms of Bailouts Generally -
24 Specific Criticisms of TARP -
25 Standing Bailout Programs -
26 Conclusion - Appendix
- Index
History of Lender of Last Resort in the United States
History of Lender of Last Resort in the United States
- Chapter:
- (p.79) 8 History of Lender of Last Resort in the United States
- Source:
- Connectedness and Contagion
- Author(s):
Hal S. Scott
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
The government successfully responded to the 2008 financial crisis through the Federal Reserve's use of its lender-of-last-resort (LLR) authority. The presence of a strong LLR is paramount to financial stability. The need for such a lender was the reason the Federal Reserve System was created. A strong and independent LLR is even more important than a strong and independent manager of monetary policy. A bad LLR policy could destroy the country in weeks, forcing huge losses of wealth and strong motives for revolt. This chapter discusses the creation of the First Bank of the United States (1791–1811) and Second Bank of the United States (1816–1836), federal banks that could loan to any borrowers, commercial as well as financial institutions, and ultimately foundered on the idea that it was improper for the US government to make loans to the private sector. It also details the creation of the Federal Reserve system in 1913 and its authority as LLR to nonbanks.
Keywords: 2008 financial crisis, financial policy, lender of last resort, Federal Reserve, First Bank of the United States, Second Bank of the United States, federal banks, monetary policy, financial stability
MIT Press Scholarship Online requires a subscription or purchase to access the full text of books within the service. Public users can however freely search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter.
Please, subscribe or login to access full text content.
If you think you should have access to this title, please contact your librarian.
To troubleshoot, please check our FAQs, and if you can't find the answer there, please contact us.
- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
-
I Connectedness, Contagion, and Correlation: Definitions and a Review of the Economic Literature -
1 The Concept of Connectedness -
2 The Concept and History of Contagion -
3 The Concept of Correlation -
II Connectedness in the Crisis -
4 Asset Connectedness: Lehman and AIG -
5 Liability Connectedness: Money Market Funds and Tri-Party Repo Market -
6 Dodd–Frank Act Policies to Address Connectedness -
III Contagion -
7 Contagion in the 2008 Crisis: The Run on the Nonbank Sector, “Shadow Banks” -
8 History of Lender of Last Resort in the United States -
9 Dodd–Frank Restrictions on the Lender-of-Last-Resort Power -
10 Comparison of LLR Powers of Fed with Bank of England, European Central Bank, and Bank of Japan -
11 Strengthening the LLR Powers of the Fed -
12 Liability Insurance and Guarantees -
13 Insuring Money Market Funds -
IV Ex ante Policies to Avoid Contagion: Capital, Liquidity, Resolution, Money Market Mutual Fund Reform, and Limits on Short-Term Funding -
14 Capital Requirements: Basel III Framework -
15 Liquidity Requirements -
16 Bank Resolution Procedures, Contingent Capital (CoCos), and Bail-Ins -
17 Dodd–Frank Orderly Liquidation for Nonbank SIFIs (Including Bank Holding Companies) -
18 Living Wills -
19 Money Market Mutual Fund Reform -
20 Dependence of the Financial System on Short-Term Funding -
21 Government Crowding Out of Private Issuance of Short-Term Debt -
V Public Capital Injections into Insolvent Financial Institutions -
22 Capital Purchase Program and Other TARP Support Programs -
23 Criticisms of Bailouts Generally -
24 Specific Criticisms of TARP -
25 Standing Bailout Programs -
26 Conclusion - Appendix
- Index
