Tokenism and Identity in Anaphora
Tokenism and Identity in Anaphora
This chapter focuses on tokenism and identity in anaphora and argues that the stronger identity constraint is the right formulation for the correspondence principle governing ellipsis phenomena. It discusses three empirical arguments for a weaker parallelism condition involving antecedent contained deletion (ACD), sloppily bound pronouns, and inverse scope constructions. It rejects a movement analysis because there are cases that do not clearly require overt extraposition and because a parallelism condition on which it is based cannot adequately explain the failure of ellipsis in certain constructions, for example, “I saw several pictures of a man who you did.” The chapter looks at cases which seem to support parallelism over identity, first by considering ACD cases that in most analyses involve a parallelism condition. It argues that the problem presented by ACD is unrelated to ellipsis, but instead affects all relative clauses. Finally, it examines wide scope quantifiers.
Keywords: tokenism, identity, anaphora, ellipsis, parallelism, antecedent contained deletion, sloppily bound pronouns, inverse scope constructions, relative clauses, wide scope quantifiers
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