Digital Instruments: Commercialization in a Changing Community
Digital Instruments: Commercialization in a Changing Community
This chapter demonstrates how increased emphasis on the commercialization of academic research has transformed policy decisions regarding the development and use of probe microscopy in Europe and in the United States. It finds that the commercialization of academic research has improved the prospects of many scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) companies. This development has enabled the STM and AFM companies to generate significant royalties for the University of California system and a few other schools. The chapter also finds that these companies have played a key role in ensuring widespread adoption of STM and AFM in a wide range of disciplines and industries.
Keywords: academic research, commercialization, Europe, United States, royalties
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