- Title Pages
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
-
1 The Early History of Protocells: The Search for the Recipe of Life -
2 Experimental Approaches to Fabricating Artificial Cellular Life -
3 Semisynthetic Minimal Cells: New Advancements and Perspectives -
4 A Roadmap to Protocells -
II INTEGRATION -
5 Steps Toward a Synthetic Protocell -
6 Assembly of a Minimal Protocell -
7 Population Analysis of Liposomes with Protein Synthesis and a Cascading Genetic Network -
8 Constructive Approach to Protocells: Theory and Experiments -
9 Origin of Life and Lattice Artificial Chemistry -
10 Models of Protocell Replication -
11 Compositional Lipid Protocells: Reproduction without Polynucleotides -
12 Evolutionary Microfluidic Complementation Toward Artificial Cells -
III COMPONENTS -
13 Self-Replication and Autocatalysis -
14 Replicator Dynamics in Protocells -
15 Peptide Nucleic Acids as Prebiotic and Abiotic Genetic Material -
16 The Core of a Minimal Gene Set: Insights from Natural Reduced Genomes -
17 Parasitism and Protocells: Tragedy of the Molecular Commons -
18 Forming the Essential Template for Life: The Physics of Lipid Self-Assembly -
19 Numerical Methods for Protocell Simulations -
20 Core Metabolism as a Self-Organized System -
21 Energetics, Energy Flow, and Scaling in Life -
IV BROADER CONTEXT -
22 Gánti’s Chemoton Model and Life Criteria -
23 Viral Individuality and Limitations of the Life Concept -
24 Nonlinear Chemical Dynamics and the Origin of Life: The Inorganic-Physical Chemist Point of View -
25 Early Ancestors of Existing Cells -
26 Prebiotic Chemistry, the Primordial Replicator, and Modern Protocells -
27 Cell-like Entities: Scientific Challenges and Future Applications -
28 Social and Ethical Issues Concerning Protocells - Glossary
- About the Authors
- Index
Constructive Approach to Protocells: Theory and Experiments
Constructive Approach to Protocells: Theory and Experiments
- Chapter:
- (p.169) 8 Constructive Approach to Protocells: Theory and Experiments
- Source:
- Protocells
- Author(s):
Kunihiko Kaneko
- Publisher:
- The MIT Press
This chapter discusses the quantitative analysis of liposome populations with protein synthesis and cascading genetic network. Protein expression in liposomes involves the synthesis of green fluorescent protein (GFP) by an encapsulated translation system. Flow cytometry is used to estimate the number of GFP molecules synthesized and the internal aqueous volume for each liposome. Results show that protein synthesis in liposomes is estimated to be 520 GFP molecules per gene. An experiment with cascading genetic networks within liposomes show that genetic networks can proceed at rates comparable to protein synthesis by living cells.
Keywords: liposomes, protein synthesis, cascading genetic network, protein expression, green fluorescent protein, GFP, flow cytometry
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- Title Pages
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Introduction
-
1 The Early History of Protocells: The Search for the Recipe of Life -
2 Experimental Approaches to Fabricating Artificial Cellular Life -
3 Semisynthetic Minimal Cells: New Advancements and Perspectives -
4 A Roadmap to Protocells -
II INTEGRATION -
5 Steps Toward a Synthetic Protocell -
6 Assembly of a Minimal Protocell -
7 Population Analysis of Liposomes with Protein Synthesis and a Cascading Genetic Network -
8 Constructive Approach to Protocells: Theory and Experiments -
9 Origin of Life and Lattice Artificial Chemistry -
10 Models of Protocell Replication -
11 Compositional Lipid Protocells: Reproduction without Polynucleotides -
12 Evolutionary Microfluidic Complementation Toward Artificial Cells -
III COMPONENTS -
13 Self-Replication and Autocatalysis -
14 Replicator Dynamics in Protocells -
15 Peptide Nucleic Acids as Prebiotic and Abiotic Genetic Material -
16 The Core of a Minimal Gene Set: Insights from Natural Reduced Genomes -
17 Parasitism and Protocells: Tragedy of the Molecular Commons -
18 Forming the Essential Template for Life: The Physics of Lipid Self-Assembly -
19 Numerical Methods for Protocell Simulations -
20 Core Metabolism as a Self-Organized System -
21 Energetics, Energy Flow, and Scaling in Life -
IV BROADER CONTEXT -
22 Gánti’s Chemoton Model and Life Criteria -
23 Viral Individuality and Limitations of the Life Concept -
24 Nonlinear Chemical Dynamics and the Origin of Life: The Inorganic-Physical Chemist Point of View -
25 Early Ancestors of Existing Cells -
26 Prebiotic Chemistry, the Primordial Replicator, and Modern Protocells -
27 Cell-like Entities: Scientific Challenges and Future Applications -
28 Social and Ethical Issues Concerning Protocells - Glossary
- About the Authors
- Index
